T1095 · ATT&CK technique
Non-Application Layer Protocol
13 actors on record using it
Every mark is an actor ATT&CK records using this technique. Red ones also exploit a CVE in CISA KEV.
Open T1095 on attack.mitre.orgAdversaries may use an OSI non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive. Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), transport layer protocols, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), session layer protocols, such as Socket Secure (SOCKS), as well as redirected/tunneled protocols, such as Serial over LAN (SOL).
Source: MITRE ATT&CK, T1095. © 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.
Every one of the 13 is a mark on the map. Named now: 1 to 13, most on record first.
- Mustang Panda
- Gamaredon
- UNC3886
- Salt Typhoon
- Ember Bear
- APT3
- FIN6
- ToddyCat
- Silk Typhoon
- BackdoorDiplomacy
- Bitter
- PLATINUM
- Metador
Zoom in on the map and the dots under the middle of it are named where they are.
Data as of 2026-11-15. CVE List through 2026-11-15 · EPSS of 2026-11-15 · CISA KEV checked 2026-11-15. Sources: MITRE ATT&CK (© The MITRE Corporation, reproduced and distributed with its permission), the MISP Galaxy (CC0), and CyberSIXT's own coverage.